square

The square serves primarily as an emblem of morality, truth, and honorable dealing 12. Derived from the operative tool used by stonemasons to prove the accuracy of building blocks, a stone that fits the try-square is judged ready for the builder's use 2. This practical function translates symbolically into the try-square of conscience, providing a standard by which a Mason tests his moral actions and words in daily life 2.

This symbolic association between the square and upright moral conduct long predates modern Freemasonry. In fifth-century B.C. China, The Great Learning defined the Golden Rule as the principle of acting on the square 24, while Mencius recorded that master masons used the square and compasses to teach moral wisdom 4.

Within the lodge, the square is one of the three Immovable Jewels—alongside the level and plumb—and is situated immovably in the Symbolic East as the jewel worn by the Worshipful Master 2. From the Master, symbolic light and square teaching emanate to the brethren 2. Mackey observes that Craft Masonry employs the square in multiple independent symbolic contexts rather than as a single emblem 1. These include the rectangular shape of the lodge room, the combination of circular and rectangular movement in circumambulation, and the expression to part upon the square 1. In the context of parting, the try-square is understood to stand vertically, with one leg horizontal upon the lodge floor and the other upright, symbolizing upright conduct when Masons return to the outside world 1.

Combined with the compasses, the square serves as an emblem of brotherhood and a Mason's duty to the Craft and to himself 1. It is also geometrically central to the 47th Proposition of Euclid, which sits at the foundation of Masonic symbolism and operative geometry 13.