What are the main principles of Freemasonry?

Relief and truth form core tenets of the Masonic system. Relief obliges members to assist the distressed, soothe the unhappy, and restore peace, while truth is regarded as the divine foundation of virtue, demanding sincerity, honesty, and plain dealing 1. The practice of moral duty is further anchored by the four cardinal virtues of temperance, fortitude, prudence, and justice 1.

A fundamental requirement for any initiate is a belief in a Supreme Being, accompanied by the presence of the Sacred Writings open upon the altar during all ceremonies 3. The system does not act as a religion or replace religious faith, but requires members to observe religious principles, curb intemperate passions, eliminate local prejudices, and cultivate universal brotherhood across differing faiths and creeds 3.

Within the Craft, moral and intellectual instruction is imparted progressively through three distinct classes or degrees. The first class emphasizes honour, probity, and the practice of morality; the second focuses on industry, science, and the cultivation of human reason; and the third selects proven members to preserve the ancient landmarks of the Order 2. This progression is symbolically supported by three grand pillars representing wisdom, strength, and beauty, directing members toward the practical exercise of brotherhood through experience and reflection 4.

Lodge work complements these tenets through moral lectures and active charity, requiring members to assist distressed brethren, provide for widows and orphans, and extend relief to needy outsiders 5.