What is freemasonry?

A system of moral and spiritual instruction, Freemasonry uses dramatic ceremonial, allegory, and symbol to convey a philosophy of life and human development 1. In the Craft, its structure is divided into three distinct classes or degrees: the first enforces virtue and morality, the second cultivates reason and science, and the third preserves the ancient landmarks while imparting deeper instruction 2. This arrangement seeks to foster true friendship across different social ranks, promote hospitality, and encourage industry 2.

Although not a religion in itself, the fraternity is deeply aligned with religious principles, requiring its candidates to believe in a Supreme Being and keeping sacred writings open upon its altars 4. It serves as a concordat for men of every race, creed, and sect, providing a common ground of essential truth while according perfect liberty of opinion 14. Its object is to curb intemperate passions, reconcile conflicting interests, banish enmity, and promote peace, charity, and universal brotherhood 4.

In the Scottish Rite, Pike treats the system's symbols and allegories as a heritage designed to protect freedom of thought against despotism and superstition, offering a framework where finite human minds can approach the Divine without dogmatic conflict 3.

Wilmshurst takes the system to be an allegory of the soul's regeneration and return to its spiritual origin 1. In his reading of the Craft degrees, the first represents physical purification, the second mental and moral development toward a divine inner centre, and the third mystical rebirth through self-sacrifice 1.