what is the moral lesson of the working tools in the first degree

The common gavel symbolizes the process of moral refinement, likened to a sculptor removing unwanted stone to reveal the figure within 1. Its moral lesson centers on removing vices and superfluities to divest the heart and conscience of unneeded roughness, thereby bringing out the perfect man 1. On a personal level, it represents individual power and self-discipline 1. Within the governance of the lodge, the gavel further serves as the symbol of the Worshipful Master's authority, reminding him to exercise his power with restraint and to remain a brother among brethren 1.

Alongside these stoneworking implements, the square represents the standard of moral correctness 1. Defined by the ninety-degree right angle—the only angle that is "right" for fitting stones into a structure—the square morally instructs the Mason to square his work and actions toward all mankind 1.

The working tools of the second degree—the plumb, the level, and the square—expand moral instruction from personal self-discipline toward interpersonal virtue and rectitude 2.

The plumb symbolizes moral perpendicularity and upright conduct 2. It teaches the criterion of rectitude, urging a Mason to avoid dissimulation in speech and action, to remain steadfast in truth despite adversity or temptation, and to direct his life toward spiritual elevated ends 2. Carl Claudy emphasizes that the biblical plumb line placed "in the midst" teaches Masons how to judge their own work and that of others—applying a standard of justice that considers human limitations and individual circumstances rather than imposing an unyielding distance 3.

The level represents social and moral equality, reminding members that they meet on equal footing regardless of rank, class, title, or distinction 2.

The square stands as the universal emblem of morality, virtue, and fair dealing 21. It acts as the try-square of conscience, providing the standard against which a Mason must test every word and action in daily life 1. When paired with the level in the phrase "part upon the square," it instructs Masons that after meeting as equals, they must act with uprightness so that no feeling of hypocrisy or resentment remains when they depart 2.