What is the structure of Masonic Lodges?

The government of a lodge rests upon a Master and two Wardens 12. This structure in the Craft derives historically from English trade guilds, where Wardens managed operations before the chief officer was designated as Master in the early seventeenth century 2. To qualify for election as Master, a Mason must first serve as a Warden, a rule established in the Old Charges 1.

The Senior Warden sits in the West, represented by the column of Strength and the level 2. He assists the Master, governs the brethren during hours of labor, and presides over the lodge when the Master is absent 12. The Junior Warden sits in the South, overseeing the lodge during periods of refreshment and observing that order is maintained 12. Their respective duties are symbolized by their columns: during labor, the Senior Warden's column stands erect while the Junior Warden's lies recumbent, reversing positions when the lodge is called to refreshment 12.

Beyond elected leadership, individual membership itself functions as a formal lodge office 2. Mackey analyzes membership not as fluid participation in a club, but as a fixed station carrying specific rights—such as visitation, relief, and appeal—and mandatory duties, including regular attendance, paying dues, voting, and accepting office when called upon 2.

Formation of a lodge requires a petition signed by at least seven regular Masons and supported by three neighboring lodges 3. Upon approval by the Grand Master, a dispensation is issued, culminating in a formal ceremony of constitution where the warrant is delivered and officers are installed 3.