What are the identity and differentiations between Ionic, Doric and Corinthian pillars?
The three principal orders of architecture in ancient Greece are the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, each with distinct characteristics:
Doric Order: The Doric column is the simplest and most ancient of the three. It has a height of eight times its diameter and features twenty shallow flutings. Notably, it has no base and a plain capital. The frieze is characterized by triglyphs and metopes, representing strength and noble simplicity, often associated with martial structures.
Ionic Order: The Ionic column is more slender and elegant, standing nine times its diameter tall with twenty-four flutings. Its capital is adorned with volutes, resembling the hairstyle of a graceful woman. This order is seen as a balance between the robust Doric and the ornate Corinthian, symbolizing wisdom and often used in structures like libraries and academies.
Corinthian Order: The Corinthian column is the most ornate, reaching a height of ten times its diameter. It features flutings similar to the Ionic but is distinguished by its elaborate capital, which includes two rows of acanthus leaves and eight volutes. This order is associated with beauty and is typically used in artistic or aesthetic structures.
In Freemasonry, these columns symbolize the three principal supports of the Lodge: Strength (Doric), Wisdom (Ionic), and Beauty (Corinthian).