What is the historical background of the Royal Arch in Freemasonry?
The historical background of the Royal Arch in Freemasonry is rich and complex, tracing its origins back to the early 18th century. The Royal Arch Degree is believed to have emerged in the 1720s, with its first verifiable appearance in Ireland during the 1740s, particularly noted in a Dublin procession in 1743. This degree soon spread to England, where it became a point of contention between the two Craft grand lodges: the 'Moderns' and the 'Antients'.
By the 1740s, the Royal Arch was being worked in regular Lodges in England and Scotland. The Grand Lodge of Ireland issued warrants to establish 'Royal Arch Lodges' in 1749, which further facilitated its spread. In 1766, the Excellent Grand and Royal Arch Chapter was established in England, marking the first Grand Chapter and taking on administrative responsibilities separate from the Craft Grand Lodge.
The role of the Royal Arch was debated, with the 'Antients' viewing it as a fourth degree of Craft Freemasonry, while the 'Moderns' considered it an extension of the third degree, to be administered separately. This debate culminated in the 1813 Union of the 'Antients' and 'Moderns', which recognized the Royal Arch as part of pure and ancient Freemasonry, affirming its inclusion in the three degrees of Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft, and Master Mason.
Today, Royal Arch Masons meet in Chapters, practicing the Supreme Order of the Royal Arch, which consists of three degrees: Mark Master, Most Excellent Master, and Royal Arch Mason. The Royal Arch Degree is viewed as the climax of Ancient Craft Masonry, completing the narrative of Jewish history during the rebuilding of King Solomon’s Temple and revealing the long-lost Master’s Word.